The isothermal Crystallization process, kinetics, melting behavior and equilibrium melting point of bio-based semi-aromatic high-temperature polyamide PA5T/56 were studied in detail by differential scanning calorimetry. The results showed that the Crystallization properties of PA5T/56 are strongly dependent on temperature, with increases in isothermal Crystallization temperature, the Crystallization process becomes longer and the Crystallization speed slows down. The isothermal Crystallization process and kinetics were analyzed by Avrami equation, the Avrami index (n value) is between 1. 84 and 2. 41, it is speculated that the growth mode of the crystal is the coexistence of one-dimensional needle growth and two-dimensional sheet growth, which is confirmed by two-dimensional small angle X-ray scattering instrument and field emission scanning electron microscope. At the same time, according to Turnbull–, Fisher equation, it is reasonable to use Arvami equation to treat the isothermal Crystallization process of PA5T/56. According to Hoffman–, Weeks theory, the equilibrium melting point of PA5T/56 raises with the increase in PA5T content. The isothermal Crystallization activation energy of PA5T/56 was calculated by Arrhenius equation, and the kg value of PA5T/56 was calculated by Lauritzen–, Hoffman equation, both of them increase first and then decrease with the increase in PA5T content. Therefore, the study on the Crystallization mechanism and crystal formation process of PA is of great significance for controlling the crystallinity of semi-crystalline polymers to obtain the required performance.

The effect of different Crystallization temperatures on the crystallinity, morphology, surface area and catalytic performance of SAPO-34 has been investigated. SAPO-34 catalysts were successfully synthesized using the conventional hydrothermal method. The prepared samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, BET and FTIR techniques. The catalytic performance of the synthesized catalysts was tested in MTO reaction at 410oC and WHSV of 6.5 h-1. temperature of Crystallization was found to be the significant parameter for controlling crystallinity and purity, particle size, morphology, surface area and content of hydroxyl groups of the product. The sample prepared at 463 K and 24h possessed the best crystallinity with the smallest crystal size. In the methanol conversion to olefins over SAPO-34 catalysts, this sample showed highest yield of light olefins (88 wt%).

Mard-abad calc-alkaline granite formed along the margin of active pull-apart or intra-continental plates, and it is post-collision granite type. Granophyric, perthitic and myrmekitic are main textures that could form from Crystallization of hypersolvus source magma, which occurred under water vapor pressure of approximately 2 kb. During this study the temperature of formation of these granites has been estimated as high as 750 to 800 C° based on mineralogical and geochemical evidences. However, the thermometric measurement on zircon crystals has also been applied to achieve this goal. Zircon is of great importance because of its certain features such as resistance to chemical and mechanical processes, high melting point, and the ability of recording various geological events in its external structure as well as its internal texture. Crystallization of zircon is a function of temperature, chemical composition and the amount of water of the magma. The morphology of zircon crystals in Mard-abad granite points hybrid origin of granitic magma, which is in accordance with the geochemical evidence of the associated rocks. Such morphology also indicates to calc-alkaline and dry nature of the magma. The calculated Crystallization temperature of these granite bodies is 700 to 800 C° based on morphology of zircons, 772. 2 to 792 C° according to zircon saturation thermometry, and 760 to 800 C° based on the results from chemical analyses.

In order to enhance the catalytic performance of SAPO-34 for the reaction of methanol to light olefins (MTO), three different Crystallization temperatures were used to synthesize SAPO-34. The catalysts were synthesized hydrothermally with molar composition as 1 Al2O3: 1 P2O5: 0.4 SiO2: 1 TEAOH: 0.5 TEA: 0.5 MOR: 70 H2O. The effects of the Crystallization temperature on the phase purity, morphology and functional groups of SAPO-34 were characterized by XRD, SEM and FTIR techniques. The relative crystallinity was decreased by increasing Crystallization temperature and some impurities appeared at high Crystallization temperature. All samples showed cubic morphology with different crystal size. The catalytic performance of synthesized SAPO- 34 was investigated in a fixed-bed reactor at 410oC. For the MTO reaction, all synthesized catalysts showed similar product distribution and methanol conversion, but light olefins selectivity was greatly dependent on the Crystallization condition. The sample was synthesized at 170oC and 24 h, possessed the highest light olefins due to highest amount of acid sites, relative crystallinity and smallest mean crystal size.

The igneous rocks of Takht-e-Soleyman area in the north western Iran crop out in association with the amphibolites. The contact between igneous rocks and amphibolites is sharp. Igneous rocks in the study area are mainly granodiorite, quartz-monzodiorite and quartz-diorite. Plagioclase and hornblende form dominant minerals of the igneous rocks. Titanite and epidote occur in rare amounts. Chemical compositions of the clinopyroxene, plagioclase, hornblende and titanite in quartz-diorites were analysed using EPMA.High Mg and Si contents accompanied by low Ti at the rim composition of the analysed amphiboles can be attributed to subsolidus cooling event. Magmatic crystallisation temperature for quartz-diorites is determined based on compositions of hornblende and coexisting plagioclase. Clinopyroxene composition was used to estimate Crystallization pressure of the investigated rocks in the Takab area. Estimated temperature and pressure are consistent with 820±75oC and 8 kbar, respectively. Thermometry based on Ti content of the analysed hornblende gives temperature of 760oC. On the basis of chemical compositions of the analysed clinopyroxenes, sub-alkaline and I-type natures of the quartz-diorites in the study area can be concluded.

Crystallization behavior of polypropylene/graphene nanoplatelets (PP/GnPs) nanocomposite fiber was studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry. PP/GnPs nanocomposite fibers containing different amounts of GnPs were prepared with and without a compatibilizer, maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MA), and then isothermal Crystallization kinetics was investigated at different Crystallization temperatures by Avrami and Lauritzen-Hoffman equations. The results show that heterogeneous nucleation occurs easily in the presence of GnPs even at higher temperatures and thereby the Crystallization rate of PP in the PP/GnPs fiber increased. Moreover, upon inclusion of PP-g-MA, relative crystallinity-time curves shifted to the shorter times. The Avrami equation revealed that although GnPs and PP-g-MA have nucleation effect, the crystal growth of PP is restricted in the PP/PP-g-MA/GnPs nanocomposite fiber, increasing the Crystallization half-time. Furthermore, Avrami exponent of approximately 3 for neat PP and 2 for PP/GnPs is consistent with three-dimensional crystal growth process and two-dimensional crystal growth, respectively. According to Lauritzen-Hoffman equation, the nucleation parameter decreased with the addition of GnPs, suggesting that the GnPs act as a nucleating agent and also reduced the interfacial free energy.

Turkeh Dareh pluton is outcrop in NW of Iran and it is one of the intrusions in Sanandaj-Sirjan zone. Shaped crystals of this pluton distinct oscillatory zoning narrow and close together zoning in zircons indicate parental magma richness of zirconium. Factors affecting the shape of the zircon crystals are the composition, possibly the temperature of the Crystallization, water content in magma and origin of the magma, therefore, were studied morphology of zircon crystals of Turkeh Dareh pluton. Morphologically, most of Turkeh Dareh zircons are located in range of S13 and S14 and in lesser extent in the range of S18, S19 and S20. The minimum zircons Crystallization temperature was calculated 750 to 840 Cº based on the morphology of zircon, zircon saturation and the whole rock geochemistry. The origin of intrusion magma of Turkeh Dareh is I-type and calc-alkaline that these results are consistent with results of field observations, mineralogy and geochemistry of this pluton.

In this work, pp grafted with maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) and diparamethyl dibenzylidene sorbitol (MDBS) were both added as nucleating-clarifying agents into different grades of polypropylene in order to investigate their effects on nucleation and transparency of PP. Nucleation and clarifying effects have been studied by measuring the Crystallization temperature (Tc) by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and transparency obtained from DVNis spectrophotometer, respectively. The effective factors on these properties were determined by using Taguchi experimental design. It was found that MOBS content and the type of PP grade used are the most effective factors on increasing Tc and transparency, respectively.